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Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are vital to the rich tapestry of Arkansas’s history. These institutions have served as pillars of education, empowerment and community for African Americans, nurturing generations of leaders, scholars and change-makers. For over a century, Arkansas’s HBCUs have been brilliant beacons of hope and opportunity, providing students with a supportive environment to thrive academically, socially and culturally.
In many Black History Month stories, these institutions serve as partners for change, community spaces for political challenges, and educational hosts for pioneers in Arkansas.
What Are HBCUs and Their Significance in History?
Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) emerged when African Americans faced significant barriers to accessing traditional higher education. The first college in Arkansas, Cane Hill College, opened in 1834, followed by the founding of the first HBCU in 1873. These institutions empowered African Americans to earn degrees, receive professional training and foster intellectual growth. Beyond academics, HBCUs became hubs of cultural pride, political activism and community empowerment.
Four HBCUs in Arkansas uphold this legacy: Arkansas Baptist College, Philander Smith University, Shorter College, and the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB). Each institution has a unique history and mission, making invaluable contributions to Arkansas’s cultural and educational landscape while serving as a refuge as we strive for equity in diversity.
University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (UAPB)
Founded in 1873, the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff is the largest Historically Black College and University in the state and a prominent land-grant university. Renowned for its strong agricultural and STEM programs, UAPB is a center for innovation and academic excellence.
- Unique History: Established as Branch Normal College to train African American teachers, UAPB became part of the University of Arkansas system in 1972. Its land-grant status enabled the expansion of its agricultural and technical programs, making it an essential institution for rural communities in Arkansas.
UAPB is recognized for its research initiatives, especially in aquaculture and agriculture. The university also features a lively marching band, “The Marching Musical Machine of the Mid-South,” which is a source of pride for students and alumni.
- Educational Opportunities: UAPB offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs. Some of the most popular fields of study include Agriculture, Fisheries, Business and Education. Graduate students can pursue advanced degrees in Aquaculture/Fisheries, Agricultural Regulations and Educational Leadership.
- Notable alumni include Grammy Award-winning artist Smokie Norful, civil rights attorney John W. Walker, NBA player Charles “Charlie” Brown, and NFL player and Green Bay Packers Hall of Famer Elijah Pitts.
1200 University Dr. | Pine Bluff
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Philander Smith University | Little Rock
Philander Smith University, established in 1877 in Little Rock, is a private liberal arts institution affiliated with the United Methodist Church. It proudly belongs to the United Negro College Fund (UNCF).
- Unique History: The school began as Walden Seminary, a training center for African American teachers and ministers. In 1882, Philander Smith College became the name to honor a generous benefactor. Throughout its history, the university has played a prominent role in civil rights activism, with students and faculty making significant contributions to desegregation efforts in Little Rock.
The “Think Justice” initiative, which motivates students to participate in social justice advocacy, draws interest and recognition. The urban setting enables students to undertake meaningful community service projects and activism.
- Educational Opportunities: Philander Smith offers undergraduate programs in Biology, Business Administration, Social Justice and Computer Science, among others. The Social Justice program provides an academic setting to serve its mission. Although it does not offer graduate programs, Philander Smith provides pathways for students to excel in their professional fields.
- Notable alums include Dr. Joycelyn Elders, the first African American Surgeon General of the United States and Scipio A. Jones, a prominent attorney and civil rights advocate.
900 W Daisy L Gaston Bates Dr. | Little Rock
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Arkansas Baptist College | Little Rock
Founded in 1884, Arkansas Baptist College (ABC) is a private, faith-based institution in Little Rock dedicated to developing leaders who serve their communities.
- Unique History: The Colored Baptists of Arkansas established ABC to provide religious and general education to African Americans. Its initial mission was to prepare students for careers in teaching and ministry. Over the years, ABC has expanded its curriculum while remaining deeply committed to its Christian principles.
Arkansas Baptist College distinguishes itself through its commitment to social justice and community engagement. The college has created programs that tackle urban issues like poverty and violence, empowering students with the skills needed to effect change in underserved communities.
- Educational Opportunities: ABC offers degrees in Business Administration, Criminal Justice and Religious Studies. The institution emphasizes leadership and community development. Although it currently does not offer graduate programs, it is committed to preparing undergraduates for meaningful careers.
- ABC alumni include religious leaders, educators and social activists. One notable graduate is Dr. T.B. Mason, a prominent Baptist ministry and education figure. Other graduates include activist Joseph Robert Booker, musician Louis Jordan, educator and activist Maude Brockway and actor Lil’ JJ.
1600 Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd | Little Rock
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Shorter College
Shorter College, established in 1886 in North Little Rock, is among Arkansas’s oldest HBCUs. This private two-year institution, affiliated with the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church, focuses on academic excellence and spiritual growth.
- Unique History: The college began as Bethel University, a training institution for AME Church leaders. In 1894, it was renamed Shorter College in honor of Bishop James Alexander Shorter. Despite encountering financial and operational challenges in its early years, the school persevered and became a cornerstone of education for African Americans in Arkansas.
Shorter College is a two-year HBCU committed to giving students a solid foundation for academic and professional success. Its close-knit campus fosters personalized attention and promotes a supportive learning environment.
Educational Opportunities: Shorter College offers associate degrees in Business, General and Entrepreneurial Studies. Its programs equip students with skills for immediate workforce entry or further academic pursuits.
Shorter’s alumni include several notable members of Arkansas’ black history, including civil rights leader Daisy Bates, politician Irma Hunter Brown, educator Charlotte Andrews Stephens, theologian James H. Cone, jazz artist Alphonse Trent and attorney Scipio Jones.
604 N Locust Street | Little Rock
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Arkansas’s HBCUs have been pillars of education, culture, and community for over a century. Their contributions to history and society are immeasurable, shaping leaders who continue to inspire and uplift. As we celebrate Black History Month, these institutions remind us of the power of education in transforming individual lives and communities.
Cover image used with permission from the Arkansas Department of Parks, Heritage and Tourism.
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